Why we need to address FPIC

Implementing FPIC is far from simple and involves several key challenges. Legal recognition of Indigenous rights varies widely between countries, with some fully endorsing FPIC in national law and others offering little or no protection for Indigenous communities. This inconsistency creates confusion for companies and certification bodies, especially where permits to farm have been issued without prior consultation. For a credible and effective FPIC process to take place, companies must understand the true meaning of a consent process, must give the process time, build trust and have cultural openness, which many are not fully prepared for. Indigenous communities, meanwhile, may lack the resources, information, or support needed to engage meaningfully in FPIC processes.

Auditing FPIC adds another layer of complexity. Auditors must assess sensitive social dynamics and may lack the necessary understanding of what a proper FPIC process entails and what might be sufficient evidence for it. Creating a safe space for communities to speak freely as part of audits remains a critical and often under-resourced challenge in audits.

A new approach: Community data as evidence

To address these challenges, ASC is about to start a new project with a grant from the ISEAL Innovations Fund, funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO and UK International Development. This project puts community-generated data at the heart of FPIC verification.

Working with Indigenous partners, a salmon farm, an auditor, and our long-term partners Consensus Building Institute and the Indigenous company Ngülamtun, the project will explore how community-identified impacts can be monitored and used in audit planning and implementation, in ways that are culturally relevant and auditor-friendly and that allow a focus on key issues.

This approach could give Indigenous communities more control over how the impacts they observe are documented and shared and aims to bridge the gap between certification requirements and on-the-ground realities. It also helps ensure that communities are not just subjects of audits, but active participants in shaping them.

Where do we go from here?

FPIC is not a checkbox; it is a right, a process, and a relationship. As aquaculture develops and grows, the industry must find better ways to honour this right, not only to meet certification standards but to build a truly responsible sector that respects and promotes Indigenous sovereignty.

As we mark the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, one question lingers:

What would aquaculture look like if Indigenous voices led the conversation from the very beginning?

We’d love to hear your thoughts.

Find more information about the ASC FPIC project here.

Ocean Investment Is Still Stuck in Shallow Waters

At the recent United Nations Ocean Conference in Nice, France, global leaders pledged around $10 billion of new capital toward ocean protection. Sounds impressive? Unfortunately, it’s just a drop in the ocean—the United Nations estimates we need $175 billion every year to protect marine ecosystems and support sustainable development. So why isn’t more money flowing to oceans? 

“Investors want to fund sustainable ocean projects,” says Ray. “But they need clear rules and trusted standards to de-risk those decisions.” 

Without strong regulation and credible data, private finance hesitates. As Standard Chartered’s Head of Nature Oliver Withers puts it, the problem is that “the high seas don’t belong to any one country”—making it hard to govern or protect them effectively. 

Investors Want Sustainable Seafood Too

Swimming Together: Uniting Finance and Responsible Seafood Farming

You might look for labels when buying fish. Well, so do banks and investment firms—just on a much bigger scale.

“Frameworks like ASC help investors know a seafood business is serious about sustainability,” Ray says.

The ASC label tells investors and seafood lovers that a farm is doing right by the environment and the people involved. For institutional investors, sustainability certification is a key part of risk assessment. According to Ray, frameworks like ASC are being recognised in influential global policy initiatives such as the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). These frameworks not only signpost verifiable sustainability metrics but also help investors assess social and environmental risks within global aquaculture portfolios by focusing on necessary disclosure.

“The breadth of the ASC standard is helpful for investors who are looking to cover social as well as environmental indicators,” says Ray. “ASC being a global standard has also proven useful to investors with large global portfolios.”

The Financial Risk of Ignoring Sustainability

With environmental regulation tightening across markets, seafood farming operations that fail to embed sustainability are exposing themselves to serious financial risks. Not only do they risk falling foul of emerging regulations, but they may also find themselves excluded from capital flows increasingly tied to verified environmental and social impact.

Sustainability is a key driver of ‘licence to operate’ for companies in seafood farming. Business models are more likely to be resilient to shocks if sustainability is built in from the outset.

Ray explains, “The regulatory picture is changing rapidly, and financiers will be looking increasingly for verified impact aligned to the latest science. For longer term investors, aligning to this regulatory framework will be key. From a market standpoint, aligning to the ASC standard increases resilience for investors and reduces sustainability risks.

“It also helps to evidence the claims that the finance sector is making around impact. Additionally, ASC holds unique data points to evidence positive impact – both on social as well as environmental areas.”

Not Certified Yet? There’s Still a Way In

Some farms aren’t ASC certified yet, but they’re trying to improve. That’s where the Improver Programme by ASC comes in.

“Impact investors recognise that some farms are not yet ready for certification; however, if they can engage with the Improver Programme and credibly demonstrate their path toward sustainability in aquaculture,” Ray says.

“As a result, then they may be able to fit some investor’s impact criteria.”

What’s Next? Innovation on the Horizon

As the financial sector accelerates its shift toward nature-positive and climate-aligned investing, tools like the ASC certification are emerging as vital links between sustainability and finance. Whether through full certification or participation in improvement programmes, aquaculture businesses have a clear opportunity to align with the future of responsible investment.

“There’s still a long way to go, but on the bright side, during UNOC and BEFF we saw innovation from some leading financiers – including some new blended financial models utilised in developing countries,” Ray concludes.

Carefree enjoyment starts with a conscious choice

Did you know that more than half of all the fish we eat worldwide is farmed? Seafood farming plays a key role in how we shape our food supply sustainably and responsibly. From water quality to nutrition, working conditions to animal welfare, ASC certified farms receive an annual independent audit, ensuring the seafood you eat comes from a responsible source, so you can enjoy what’s on your plate with peace of mind. 

Healthy and tasty

Besides being a sustainable option, seafood is also a healthy choice. Oily fish such as salmon is packed with omega-3 fatty acids, which are good for your heart, brain and energy level. Other species – such as prawns or pangasius – are also rich in protein, vitamin D and important minerals. 

Seafood is also light and easily digestible, ideal for a summer meal where you don’t feel too full afterwards. And with so many seafood options, you can choose something for your guests that is nutritious, varied and delicious. Get those shrimp skewers on the barbecue, because with a few smart choices you can turn your barbecue into a feast that is as delicious as it is responsible. 

Transparency you taste

How do you make conscious choices while shopping? When you choose ASC labelled seafood, you know exactly where your seafood comes from and that you are contributing to positive change. You’re also choosing to support farms that work hard to protect our oceans, support communities, and farm with care. This will make your barbecue not only a culinary highlight, but also a conscious one. 

Start the BBQ and choose responsibly. How about giving one of the recipes below a shot? 

Do you want more recipes and tips? Follow us on Instagram and Facebook for delicious ASC labelled inspiration. 

In 2019, the farm took a bold step forward, partnering with WWF Malaysia to implement an Aquaculture Improvement Project (AIP), with support from Marina Bay Sands and WWF Singapore. This project was designed to guide farms towards ASC certification.

Under the programme, Sankina Aquaculture conducted restoration and preservation activities for the mangrove areas within and adjacent to their farm site, implementing strict protocol where wastewater is pre-treated to manage pollution and setting up systems to improve worker welfare. 

“When we first acquired the land, it was quite empty, and the mangroves were cleared. When we took over, we started letting the land heal itself. We had a very natural and holistic approach to shrimp farming and since the day we started, we haven’t used any antibiotics or any chemical treatment. 

“I was inspired by a fully recirculated system in an island in Brasil. We employed a mangrove filtration system in the farm and since 2014, we have regrowth of 100 metre thickness of mangrove in our farm. That’s something I am very proud of.” 

As a result of the mangrove preservation efforts, sightings of migratory birds surrounding the farm have increased. The farm also received support from the Sabah Fisheries Department leading the way for Sankina Aquaculture to be awarded ASC certification, making it the first shrimp farm in Malaysia to receive the globally recognised eco-label certification in 2023. 

“We take pride in our ASC certification because it’s a testament of our longstanding commitment to sustainability. We are not a big farm, but we are slowly expanding our production. With ASC certification, we can reach more markets in Asia for our products. Like any farm producing premium shrimp, we focus not on the quantity, but on producing the right product,” Jenny says. 

Inspiring the younger generation

As part of its commitment to responsible farming, Sankina Aquaculture has strong local community engagement. Today, the farm has created over 350 local jobs in the community across all genders and ages. 

However, encouraging the younger generation to be involved in shrimp farming remains a challenge. To solve this, the farm actively uses artificial intelligence and technology to encourage the younger generation to venture into responsible shrimp farming.  

“Farming is a lifestyle to us. You have to embrace the fact that nature has its own way. Patience is something I think that the younger generations lack – shrimp farming of course takes time and a lot of effort.   

“To make it more interesting for them, we started to use AIOT or genetic sequencing and we now use AI to make the farming operations smarter, and the employees can now monitor and control certain tasks at home.”  

Twenty-five-year-old Zulkifli bin Rahman recently started working at Sakina Aqua. Zulkifli said, “I had the chance to prove myself by researching technologies that enhance farming efficiency and workflow. By exploring innovations that improve product quality, reduce labour needs, and increase profitability, I see firsthand how technology shapes the future of aquaculture. With our company’s forward-thinking approach to AI, I am confident that the opportunities for advancing farm technology are limitless.  

“AI and automation are rapidly transforming aquaculture. From real-time water quality monitoring and AI-driven disease detection to automated feeding systems and predictive analytics, these innovations are revolutionising how we farm. AI-powered data analysis allows for precise decision-making, reducing waste and optimising productivity. The integration of smart sensors, machine learning and robotics will further enhance efficiency, sustainability, and yield.” 

Incorporating technology helped Jenny and her team to inspire the younger generation to work in shrimp farming, while also reducing labour intensive jobs. 

“As business owners in management, we should always strive to create opportunities and explore different directions to inspire our workers—encouraging them to grow, expand, and align with our vision. Ultimately, our goal is to build a sustainable business,” Jenny explains. 

“Sustainability isn’t just about the present. We must think beyond our own generation and consider the next, and the generations to come. That’s why we are exploring ways to engage the community—embracing diversity across genders and age groups—and incorporating them into shrimp farming.” 

Genetics sequencing: understanding nature through science

Traditional shrimp farming methods involve stocking the water with shrimp and reacting to issues as they arise. However, Sankina Aquaculture takes a different approach—one that focuses on prevention rather than reaction. By studying environmental challenges and potential disease threats, Jenny says that they can anticipate problems and apply the right probiotics to maintain a balanced ecosystem. 

“Genetic sequencing isn’t about altering the genetics of the shrimp—it’s about understanding the entire system,” Jenny explains. 

“Our goal is not to modify DNA or do anything unnatural, but to combat diseases proactively. We believe in creating the right environment from the start—fostering a healthy ecosystem that supports the shrimp’s growth and resilience. With my background in working extensively with cells, viruses, and bacteria, I have a deep understanding of microbiology. When I first returned, we were running our own probiotics programme because we take a holistic approach to modern shrimp farming. 

“Our company stands out by using a scientific, bottom-up approach—analysing everything from a genetic perspective. We examine every factor, from water and soil quality to the shrimp itself, ensuring that each level of the ecosystem is accounted for. By identifying issues at their source, we troubleshoot effectively using the right probiotics, creating a more sustainable and resilient farming process.” 

Legacy building in shrimp farming

From restoring mangroves to embracing cutting-edge technology, Jenny and her team have proven that responsible shrimp farming can thrive in harmony with nature. Their journey is a testament to the power of innovation, perseverance, and a deep respect for the environment. 

Sankina’s true success lies in the legacy it is building—one that inspires future generations to see farming not just as an industry, but as a means of safeguarding our planet. By blending tradition with technology and conservation with commerce, they are shaping a future where aquaculture is both sustainable and deeply connected to the communities it serves. 

“In every business, you work, create value, and try to sustain it. To find joy in business and enjoy it long-term, I believe it should have a meaningful purpose. My personal hope and motivation are to help and support others. That, to me, makes work and business more meaningful and fulfilling.” 

Nur Fatiha Binti Musmuliadi, an employee at Sankina Aqua said, “Seeing the direct impact of our work on shrimp quality and sustainability is deeply fulfilling. It benefits not just the company but the aquaculture industry as a whole.  

“I’m truly grateful to be part of the team at Sankina Aquaculture Farm. It’s the perfect place to start a career in aquaculture.” 

To shed light on both the importance and complexity of living wages in aquaculture, we are launching a three-part blog series. In this first blog, we explain what constitutes a living wage and explore why it is particularly vital for the seafood farming sector. Blogs two and three will delve into how ASC is embedding these principles into certification and the practical steps needed for implementation.

What is a Living Wage?

A living wage is more than a number — it’s about dignity and opportunity. It represents the amount of money a worker needs to afford a decent standard of living for themselves and their family. This includes nutritious food, safe housing, healthcare, education, transport, and a small amount of savings for unforeseen events. A living wage enables not just survival, but a life with security, hope, and self-respect.

Crucially, a living wage is not the same as a minimum wage. In many countries, legal minimum wages fall far below what is required to meet basic needs. Workers can be paid what the law prescribes and still live in poverty. This is why the global conversation must shift from compliance with minimum standards to alignment with fair, evidence-based benchmarks.

A living wage offers a practical and moral framework for addressing working poverty — one that is grounded in human rights and increasingly recognised by businesses, investors, and governments alike.

Rising Global Momentum

Living wage is no longer a fringe concern — it’s rapidly becoming a mainstream priority across sectors. In industries such garments and bananas, living wage is already broadly recognised as a priority. Now, aquaculture must rise to the occasion.

Several factors are driving an increasing focus to change living wage in seafood farming:

• New legislation, such as the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), is requiring companies to identify and address human rights risks, including low wages.
• Investors and consumers are demanding greater transparency and ethical practices from supply chains. As public awareness of labour exploitation grows, consumers increasingly scrutinise how their products are made. Meanwhile, investors are increasingly engaging companies on their living wage efforts, including through collaborative initiatives.
• Worker advocates and NGOs are raising awareness of wage injustices across sectors, amplifying worker voices and pressuring companies to adopt fair pay practices.
• Tools and methodologies — like those from the Global Living Wage Coalition (GLWC), Anker Research Institute, and IDH — are making it easier to assess, benchmark, and address wage gaps in a credible, consistent manner.

Together, these forces are reshaping what it means to be a responsible business. Aquaculture cannot afford to be left behind and those who embrace this shift will be better positioned to manage risks, meet stakeholder expectations, and drive lasting positive impact.

Our Commitment to Progress

At the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), we believe that living wage is an essential part of a truly sustainable seafood system. That’s why we have embedded living wage principles into our certification standards and implementation framework.

This is not about adding another box to check. It’s about creating meaningful, lasting improvements in the lives of workers — and supporting farms and supply chains to achieve them. We know that real change is complex. It requires partnership, patience, and shared responsibility across the entire value chain.

ASC is committed to providing practical tools, guidance, and space for continuous improvement. We aim to enable farms to assess where they stand, develop wage improvement plans, and make measurable progress over time. We also recognize the role of buyers, NGOs, and other stakeholders in supporting this journey.

Stay tuned for our next blog in this series, where we’ll dive into how ASC is turning living wage principles into tangible actions within the ASC Farm Standard. You’ll discover how we’re equipping farms with practical tools and partnerships designed for phased, realistic progress—recognising there is no overnight solution, but that consistent, incremental steps can bring fair pay within reach for producers, buyers, and the wider aquaculture community.

Interested in partnering with us on living wage? Get in touch to be part of building a fairer, more sustainable future for aquaculture.

Films such as ‘Ocean’ are an important reminder of what’s at stake, and that we should collectively work together to protect our Earth’s limited resources. More sustainable practices in aquaculture not only protect the environment, but also support the long-term abundance of seafood — helping to increase global food security and promote responsible consumption.  

We fully support Sir David’s message that the choices we make today will shape the fate of our oceans – and that there is still time to make meaningful change. The ASC label ensures your seafood has been farmed with care for people and planet and is fully traceable throughout the supply chain. ASC empowers consumers, retailers, and seafood farmers to be part of the solution by supporting responsible seafood that helps safeguard the blue heart of our planet.  

ASC certification is driving global change in responsible seafood farming, with over 2,000 certified farm sites worldwide. More than 29,000 ASC labelled products are available in 126 countries, making it easier than ever for consumers to choose seafood that supports environmental sustainability and social responsibility. ASC covers a wide range of farmed seafood species, so whatever your preference—whether it’s salmon, seabass, shrimp, mussels, seaweed, abalone or tilapia, choose the ASC label for change and make your seafood choices count.  

Structure of the ASC Feed Standard

The ASC Feed Standard consists of five Principles:  

• Principle 1 – The feed mill has a management system to implement the ASC Feed Standard, including operating legally, and in a socially and environmentally responsible manner   
• Principle 2 – The feed mill sources ingredients responsibly  
• Principle 3 – The feed mill accounts for eligible ingredients input and feed output  
• Principle 4 – The feed mill sources marine ingredients responsibly  
• Principle 5 – The feed mill sources plant ingredients responsibly 

Each Principle defines a high-level outcome which, collectively, contributes to the ASC Vision.

Accelerating progress towards more sustainable seafood

The ASC Feed Standard: 

• Sets a higher benchmark for responsible feed production and ingredient sourcing 

• Ensures accountability from the feed mill back to its suppliers through transparency and traceability 

• Empowers markets (including retailers and processors) to play a role in driving industry change 

“The journey doesn’t end once mills are ASC feed certified – the movement to more responsible feed needs to be driven by the market, and it must be a value chain approach.” Jorge Diaz, Global Sustainability Manager at Skretting 

When there is transparency of the ingredients (and their supply chains) used in feed, the farmed seafood sector has better visibility of their ‘upstream’ impacts.  

With this knowledge, risks can be addressed and impacts reduced – from deforestation and land conversion, to overfishing, forced labour and more – benefiting ecosystems, workers, communities and consumers alike. 

Driving change, together

Feed mills certified against the ASC Feed Standard actively drive responsible and sustainable change in the aquaculture industry by:  

• Addressing farmers’ demands and consumers’ concerns for responsible feed and responsibly farmed fish as an end product 
• Demonstrating their commitment to continuous improvement in areas of environmental and social concern 
• Actively contributing to protection from the negative impacts of feed ingredients 
• Driving change for comprehensive positive environmental and social impact 

Collaboration is key to meaningful and lasting change; the entire seafood value chain has a role to play. From ingredient suppliers, feed producers and farmers, to processors, retailers and food service providers – it’s time to change the narrative of responsible feed. 

“Our commitment to ASC upholds Sainsbury’s high seafood sourcing standards, but also through the ASC Feed Standard, it supports sustainability goals by tackling deforestation and land conversion and reducing our Scope 3 emissions.” Dave Parker, Head of Aquaculture and Fisheries at Sainsbury’s 

We can shift the entire industry toward sustainability—but only if we act together. 

Seafood at its Spring best

We have put together some recipe ideas for a tasty Spring brunch for you:

For more delicious fish recipes, check out our recipe page and follow us on Instagram where we share regular and cooking tips. And don’t forget – if you buy fish, look out for the ASC label so you can be sure your fish has been responsibly farmed.

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